Timing in critical infrastructures: from science to traceability and certification, from accuracy to resilience

Timing in critical infrastructures represent a key enabling technology, and preserving the appropriate synchronization and traceability to the international standard of time UTTC is often a well known challenge, in terms of accuracy, traceability, and resilience. GNSS since years has played a relevant role, but timing through optical fibers using techniques like the IEEE 1588 standard demonstrated an solid opportunity to offer better resilience and accuracy.

In this talk, I will describe my realizations in Italy and in Europe, and what's been developed worldwide, in particular implementations in real field and services in different areas, from finance to energy distribution, to aerospace. Also, the frontier of research will be described, from coherent techniques to the roadmap for the redefinition of the second,  to protection of timing through quantum cryptography and the role of and for quantum technologies.

The power of time: synchronization challenges in next-generation power system measurements

Advanced monitoring, protection, and control applications in modern power systems increasingly rely on the availability of a common notion of time. As measurement infrastructures evolve towards highly distributed, cyber-physical ecosystems, the challenges associated with maintaining accurate and trustworthy time synchronization are becoming more critical.

This keynote explores the fundamental role of time in power system measurements, highlighting how synchronization errors can propagate into significant uncertainties in critical applications and discussing emerging challenges where timing requirements are evolving and becoming more stringent.

The presentation also outlines future research directions aimed at considering the performance of time synchronization infrastructures in defining metrologically traceable distributed measurement systems for power grids.